Economics 129: American Economic History

J-L Rosenthal (jlr at hss.caltech.edu) Bunche 133.

T-TH: 9:10:30

Rather than teach American economic history as a list of topic through time, we will look at the record of American economic performance through two lense: Technical change and financial development. You can all read a text book, but you have analytical skills that should make a conversation more interesting around topics that are more technical (both in content and form)

The reading assign are research articles. Should you want more background you can consult two text books (Attack and Passel “a new economic view of economic history” or Walton and Rokoff, History of the American Economy) or the Cambridge Economic History of the U.S all of which are on reserve.

If you have data questions, the Historical Statistics of the U.S. are a wonderful on line resource

http://hsus.cambridge.org/HSUSWeb/HSUSEntryServlet.

Each class will be organized as follows, we will discuss the assigned reading during the first half hour, you are encouraged to seek out connections across the readings (both those assigned for the day and those that we have seen before). In the second half of the section I will lecture on the material to come.

Work expectation

Reading: each class meeting has one or two readings. You must complete at least of these and respond to the relevant queries. This task should require an hour or an hour and half of your time.

Writing: To insure that you are able to participate, you must turn in a paragraph of writing with each class, on one of the readings for the day. It must answer one of the questions for that day.

Complete set of reading questions

Examinations: beyond the class assignments , there will be a mid term (handed out a the end of the section of technology) and a final at the end of the class.

READING LIST

Introduction to Growth over the long term.

Day 1: Introduction to growth

No reading

Day 2: Markets and Inequality

Engerman, Stanley, and Kenneth Sokoloff, 1997. Factor Endowments: Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth Among New World Economies: A View from Economic Historians of the United States,” in S. Haber ed. How Latin America Fell Behind: Essays on the Economic Histories of Brazil and Mexico, 1800-1914.

Abramovitz, Moses, and Paul David, 2000, American Macroeconomic in the Era of Knowledge-Based Progress: The Long-Run Perspective, Chapter 1 Vol. 3 of Engerman and Gallman, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of the United States.

Notes

Day 3: Social Savings

Fogel, Robert: Notes on the Social Saving Controversy The Journal of Economic History Vol. 39, No. 1, (Mar., 1979), pp. 1-54,

Summerhill, William, 2005, Big Social Savings in a Small Laggard Economy: Railroad-Led Growth in Brazil. The Journal of Economic History.

Reading questions

Notes

Technological change

A. Agricultural productivity and Biological technology

Day 1: Plants and People

Olmstead, Alan and Paul Rhode, 2008, Creating Abundance Biological Innovation and American Agricultural Development. Cambridge University press. Chapters 2,4,5 required (3, 678 optional)

Fogel, Robert, and Engerman Stanley, 1977. Explaining the Relative Efficiency of Slave Agriculture in the Antebellum South. The American Economic Review, Vol. 67, No. 3 pp. 275-296

Reading questions

Notes

Day 2: Animals and Public Policy

Olmstead, Alan and Paul Rhode, 2008. Creating Abundance Biological Innovation and American Agricultural Development. Cambridge University press. Chapters 9-10 required (11-12-13 optional)

Gary Libecap. The Rise of the Chicago Packers and the Origins of Meat Inspection and Antitrust, Economic Inquiry, April 1992.

Reading questions

Notes

B. Technology as embodied in machines

Day 1: Speed

Landes, David, 1979, Watchmaking: A Case Study in Enterprise and Change The Business History Review, Vol. 53, No. 1, (Spring, 1979), pp. 1-39.

Knick Harley, “Ocean Freight Rates and Productivity, 1740-1913: The Primacy of Mechanical Invention Reaffirmed The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 48, No. 4 (Dec., 1988), pp. 851-876.

Reading questions

Notes

Day 2: Cotton

Sandberg, Lars, 1969. “American Rings and English Mules: The Role of Economic RationalityThe Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 83(1):25-43:

Clark, Gregory, 1987 Why Isn't the Whole World Developed? Lessons from the Cotton Mills” Journal of Economic History (pp. 141-173)

Saxonhouse, Gary and Gavin Wright, “National Leadership and Competing Technological Paradigms: The Globalization of Cotton Spinning, 1878-1933,”December 2007.

Reading questions

Notes

C. Technical change, skills and education

Day 1: Learning by markets

Ross Thomson, forthcoming, Chapters 2 and 8 of Structures of Change in the Mechanical Age: Technological Innovation in the United States, 1790 to 1865.

Sokoloff, Kenneth. 1984 “Was the Transition from the Artisanal Shop to the Non-mechanized Factory Associated with Gains in productivity?” Volume 21,(4), pp.351-382.

Reading Questions

Notes

Day 2: Education, Skills and race

Goldin Claudia, 2001. The Human-Capital Century and American Leadership: Virtues of the PastJournal of Economic History, Vol 61 (2) 263-92.

Whatley, Warren C.,1990. “Getting a Foot in the Door: "Learning," State Dependence, and the Racial Integration of FirmsThe Journal of Economic History, Vol. 50, , pp. 43-66

Reading Questions

Notes

D.  Patents and the market for ideas

Day 1: The market for Ideas

Sokoloff, Kenneth L. and B. Zorina Khan, 1990. The Democratization of Invention During Early Industrialization: Evidence from the United States, 1790-1846 The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 50 (2):363-378.

Lamoreaux, Naomi R., Kenneth L. Sokoloff, and Dhanoos Sutthiphisal, 2008 “The Reorganization of Inventive Activity in the United States in the Early Twentieth Century”

Reading Questions

Notes

Day 2: Patents and the creation of knowledge

Lo Shih-Tse and Dhanoos Sutthiphisal, "Crossover Inventions and Knowledge Diffusion of General Purpose Technologies? Evidence from the Electrical Technology" (with Shih-tse Lo) NBER Working Paper No. 14043, May 2008

Khan Zorina, 2008. Premium Inventions: Patents and Prizes as Incentive Mechanisms in Britain and the United States, 1750-1930.

Reading Questions

Notes

MIDTERM

Financial development

Lecture

Notes

a.  Financial markets in international perspective

Day 1: Capital markets

Davis, Lance and Robert Cull “International Capital Mouvements, Domestic Capital Markets, and American Economic Growth, 1820-1914,” Chapter 16 Vol. 2 of Engerman and Gallman, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of the United States.

Rajan, Raghuram and Luigi Zingales, The Great Reversals: The Politics of Financial Development in the 20th Century" (joint with R.) Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 69 Issue 1, 5-50 , July 2003.

Reading Questions

Notes

Day 2: Banks

Stephen Haber. Industrial Concentration and the Capital Markets: A Comparative Study of Brazil, Mexico, and the United States, 1830-1930.” The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Sep., 1991), pp. 559-580.

Naomi R Lamoreaux, Banks, Kinship, and Economic Development: The New England Case.” The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1986), pp. 647-667

Reading Questions

Notes

b. Financing Growth and Crises

Day 1: Mortgages and Crises

Kenneth Snowden: "The Evolution of Interregional Mortgage Lending, 1870‑1940: The Life Insurance-Mortgage Company Connection. In Coordination and Information: Historical Perspectives on the Organization of Enterprise, Univ. of Chicago, 1995, 209-47.

Kenneth Snowden:  The Spatial Character of Housing Depression in the 1930s.”

Reading Questions

Notes

Day 2 Watching over the Capitalists

J Bradford DeLong, 1995. “Did J-P Morgan add Value?” Coordination and Information: Historical Perspectives on the Organization of Enterprise, Univ. of Chicago, 1995, 209-47.

Lamoreaux, Naomi and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal, “Corporate Governance and the Plight of Minority Shareholders in the United States before the Great Depression.” In E. Glazer and C. Goldin eds. Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America’s History. University of Chicago Press. 2006, 125-152.

Reading Questions

Notes

C. The political Economy of Financial market Regulation

Day 1: Banks

Sylla, Richard, 1969. Federal Policy, Banking Market Structure, and Capital Mobilization in the United States, 1863-1913. The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Dec., 1969), pp. 657-686.

Rajan, Raghuram G., and Rodney Ramcharan 2008, Landed Interests And Financial Underdevelopment In The United States. NBER working paper

Reading questions

Notes

Day 2: Firms and Markets

Hilt, Eric, 2007, When did Ownership Separate from Control? Corporate Governance in the Early Nineteenth Century:. Journal of Economic History 68, no. 3 (September 2008): 645-685. (GOT TO JOURNAL THROUGH LIBRARY)

Becht, Marco and J. Bradford DeLong “Why Has There Been So Little Blockholding in America?” Text; Figures,

Reading questions

Notes

Day 3: The capital market

Mary O’Sullivan, “Living With the US Financial System: The Experiences Of General Electric And Westinghouse Electric In The Last Century.” Business history review 2006

Musacchio, Aldo, 2008. Can Civil Law Countries Get Good Institutions? Lessons from the History of Credit and Bond Markets in Brazil” The Journal of Economic History , Volume 68, Issue 01, March 2008, pp 80-108.  (GOT TO JOURNAL THROUGH LIBRARY)

Reading questions

 

The American Economy at 400:

Pope, Clayne, “Measuring the Distribution of Well-Being” 2003

Piketty, Thomas and Saez Emmanuel, "Income Inequality in the United States, 1913-1998" Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 2003, 1-39

Frydman, Carola and Raven Saks, 2008.Executive Compensation: A New View from a Long-Run Perspective, 1936-2005 mimeo

Reading questions

Notes

 

FINAL EXAM